Propostas para a leitura do texto "Nature" de Ralph Waldo Emerson.

Ecolher uma das duas seguintes propostas para desenvolver:

1) Recordar o que se aprendeu em Filosofia no Ensino Secundário sobre Immanuel Kant e a sua Crítica da Razão Pura, especialmente no que toca ao conceito do Conhecimento Transcendental (este post talvez ajude  http://euliteratura.blogspot.pt/2016/10/the-copernican-revolution-in-knowledge.html) e explique como alguma destas ideias podem iluminar certos passos do texto de Emerson.

2) Recordar as estratégias de leitura afetiva que começámos por usar (impressões de :) contente, ~ estranho, ! expantoso, * verdadeiro) e aplique-as na leitura do texto. Depois, selecione um ou dois desses passos para analisar os artifícios retóricos e outros recursos linguístico-discursivos que contribuem para a criação dessas emoções.


Para complemento de leitura, segue em baixo um documentário breve mas instrutivo sobre Ralph Waldo Emerson https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b04zs6QHuWM

For the 21st september: Notes for Reading William Apess's "Eulogy on King Philip" (1836)

 Desta vez as perguntas vão em inglês - pode responder em qualquer uma das línguas:

 - Contextualization: do some research on the Pequot leader Metacom, aka "King Philip", and on the war that wen down in the history of  Colonial America as King Philip's War - how is that war seen differently from Apess's eyes?

- Apess calls King Philip "son of the forest" (as he had previously called himself in his own autobigoraphy in 1829 - see image below). How are "forest" and (human) nature seen in the text?

- Choose an excerpt of up to five lines for an exhaustive textual analysis.

Highlights - the beginnings of US History and Early Literature

1450 - Guttenberg invents the printer
1492 - Columbus lands on Hispaniola (the Caribbean islands) - "America" (metonymy) described with exotic flourishes, enhanced by the hope of finding gold (Eldorado)
1516 - Thomas More, Utopia
1552 - Bartolomé de las Casas, Brevísima relación de la destruición de las Indias Ocidentales
1607 - Jamestown
1620 - Plymouth (William Bradford)
1624 - John Smith, The General History of Virginia
1626 - Francis Bacon, The New Atlantis
1630 - Massachusetts Bay (John Winthrop) - absorbs Plymouth, becoming the central community for the Pilgrims (Puritans)
1630 - John Winthrop's sermon A Model of Christian Charity (self-explanatory name)
1643 - Roger Williams (banned from Massachusetts, founds the Rhode Island Comunnity), A Key into the Language of America

1630-1651 (printed only 1856) - William Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation (the text as testimonial of the wonders of God in the name of His chosen people, with a plan of the city of New Jerusalem; also tells of the failure of the communal experience and of the pragmatic response to 'man's corruption) - important diary / journal form in "plain style". "Let them [the Puritans] confess before the Lord his loving Kindness and His wonderful works before the sons of men" (32) - institution of public confession

1682 - Mary Rowlandson, A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. M. Rowlandson
1689 - John Locke, Treatises of Goovernment
1702 - Cotton Mather, Magnalia Christi Americana (sums up conservative vision of Puritan New England, with an account of the Salem Trials; need for scientific knowledge and sanitary measures)
1765 - Stamp Act
1773 - Tea Act
1773, Dec. - Boston Tea Party
1776 - Thomas Paine, Common Sense and the Rights of Man

July 4, 1776 - "A Declaration of the Representatives of the United States of America" 
1782 - St. John de Crèvecoeur, Letters from an American Farmer.
1793 (published) - Benjamin Franklin, Autobiography
1802-1807 (written) - Diary and Autobiography of John Adams
1821 (published) - Autobiography of Thomas Jefferson

Bem-vindo(a)s!

 Este é o blogue da disciplina de Literatura dos EUA (sécs. XVIII-XIX). O blogue é um suporte do estudo e também de extensão à comunidade, aberto a quem se interesse pelo mesmo que nós.

Para começar, quem se inspira a analisar este pequeno excerto? -  escrito por John Winthrop, líder espiritual dos puritanos a bordo do Arbella, prestes a aportar na baía de Massachusetts em 1630, após a travessia desde Inglaterra.

The Lord will be our God, and delight to dwell among us as his own people, and will command a blessing upon us in all our ways, so that we shall see much more of his wisdom, power, goodness, and truth, than formerly we have been acquainted with. We shall find that the God of Israel is among us, when ten of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our enemies; when he shall make us a praise and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantations, "the Lord make it like that of New England." For wemust consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us, so that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken, and so cause him to withdraw his present help from us, we shall be made a story and a by-word through the world. We shall open the mouths of enemies to speak evil of the ways of God, and all professors for God's sake.

(John Winthrop, "A Model of Christian Charity" 1630)

Il. Gov. John Winthrop -- In honor of the birthday of Governor John Winthrop, born June 12, 1587 / K. H. Burn del c. 1860